Bruxism

Bruxism is the involuntary or habitual grinding, clenching, or gnashing of teeth. It can occur while awake (awake bruxism) or during sleep (sleep bruxism). Sleep bruxism is considered a sleep-related movement disorder.
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What are the types of Bruxism?

Awake bruxism:Often linked to stress, anxiety, or concentration.
Sleep bruxism: May be associated with sleep disorders (e.g., sleep apnea) and abnormal neurotransmitter activity.

What are the signs & symptoms of Bruxism?

  • Grinding or clenching sounds (often noticed by a partner).
  • Worn, flattened, chipped, or loose teeth.
  • Jaw pain, tightness, or fatigue.
  • Headaches (especially in the morning).
  • Ear pain or ringing (not due to ear disease).
  • Damage to inside of cheeks or tongue.
  • Disturbed sleep (from arousals or pain).

What are the causes & risk factors of Bruxism?

  • Stress, anxiety, anger, frustration.
  • Sleep disorders (sleep apnea, insomnia).
  • Malocclusion (misaligned bite).
  • Certain medications (e.g., SSRIs, stimulants).
  • Lifestyle: smoking, caffeine, alcohol.
  • Family history of bruxism.

What are the complications of Bruxism?

  • Tooth damage or loss.
  • Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.
  • Chronic headaches or facial pain.
  • Sleep disturbance.

What are the management & treatment of Bruxism?

Dental approaches:
  • Custom mouthguards/night guards (to protect teeth)
  • Corrective dental treatment if severe tooth wear.
Behavioral approaches:
  • Stress management, relaxation techniques.
  • Habit awareness training (for awake bruxism).
  • Improving sleep hygiene.
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